Balkan Journal of Medical Genetics

INVESTIGATION OF TLR4 POLYMORPHISM IN CHILDREN WITH VESICOURETERAL REFLUX AND RENAL SCARRING
Sav NM1*, Eroz R2, Kalay Duran N3, Kilicaslan O4, Erisen Karaca S5
*Corresponding Author: *Corresponding Author: Nadide Melike SAV, Address: Duzce Universitesi Araştırma Uygulama Hastanesi, Pediatrik Nefroloji B.D, Merkez, DUZCE, TURKEY; Phone: +905378683281; Fax:+903805421390; e-mail address: savmelike@gmail.com
page: 41

MATERIALS AND METHOD

This cross-sectional study was carried out with 49 patients who were followed up due to primary vesico- ureteral reflux at Duzce University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Duzce, Turkey. Patients under 18 years of age with VUR and recur- rent UTIs were included in the study. Oral and written informed consent was obtained from all individual partici- pants and their families included in the study. Those who did not give consent and those who had additional renal or other system anomalies and patients with stage 5 CKD were excluded. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Duzce University School of Medicine (Ethics No: 2019/285). The study was con- ducted by the ethical principles set forth in the Declaration of Helsinki. This project was supported by the Scientific Research Project Department of Duzce University (Grant number: 2021.04.03.1194). Diagnosis of UTI was made based on history and exam findings and confirmed with appropriately collect- ed urine. The presence of VUR was confirmed by voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) and the severity of VUR was graded according to the International Reflux Study in Children (IRSC) (I-V) [7]. A DMSA scan was performed 6 months after the last UTI. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of any kidney scars determined in the DMSA scan. Office blood pressure was measured by the auscultation method. Before start- ing blood pressure measurements, the patient rested in a sitting position for at least 3-5 minutes, relaxed and rested. The arm was outstretched, in line with the mid-sternum and supported. An appropriately sized cuff was wrapped around the upper arm and connected to a manometer and blood pressure was measured. Genomic DNA was isolated from 200 μl peripheral leukocytes of the cases using DNA isolation kits (Anatolia Diagnostics and Biotechnology Products Inc., Istanbul, Turkey). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) pools generated before the NGS reaction were purified by the NucleoFast 96 PCR (MACHEREY-NAGEL GmbH) kit. Then the quantification of the PCR products was standardized on NanoDrop 1000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.) and the TLR4 gene was sequenced by NGS (MISEQ-Illumina). Se- rum and urine biochemical parameters were also recorded. Statistical Analysis The data were analyzed via IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 (IBM Corp. Released 2013. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.). The Shapiro-Wilk test was performed to examine the distribu- tion of data. All quantitative variables were reported by mean±standard deviation (SD) and median (interquartile range: IQR), as categorical variables were summarized by frequency and %. The Mann-Whitney U test was per- formed to compare the patients with and without scares with respect to the quantitative variables. Pearson chi- square test, Fisher’s exact test and Fisher-Freeman-Halton test were used to reveal the differences between two groups for categorical variables. A p-value≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Number 27 VOL. 27 (2), 2024	Number 27 VOL. 27 (1), 2024
Number 26 Number 26 VOL. 26(2), 2023 All in one	Number 26 VOL. 26(2), 2023
Number 26 VOL. 26, 2023 Supplement	Number 26 VOL. 26(1), 2023
Number 25 VOL. 25(2), 2022	Number 25 VOL. 25 (1), 2022
Number 24 VOL. 24(2), 2021	Number 24 VOL. 24(1), 2021
Number 23 VOL. 23(2), 2020	Number 22 VOL. 22(2), 2019
Number 22 VOL. 22(1), 2019	Number 22 VOL. 22, 2019 Supplement
Number 21 VOL. 21(2), 2018	Number 21 VOL. 21 (1), 2018
Number 21 VOL. 21, 2018 Supplement	Number 20 VOL. 20 (2), 2017
Number 20 VOL. 20 (1), 2017	Number 19 VOL. 19 (2), 2016
Number 19 VOL. 19 (1), 2016	Number 18 VOL. 18 (2), 2015
Number 18 VOL. 18 (1), 2015	Number 17 VOL. 17 (2), 2014
Number 17 VOL. 17 (1), 2014	Number 16 VOL. 16 (2), 2013
Number 16 VOL. 16 (1), 2013	Number 15 VOL. 15 (2), 2012
Number 15 VOL. 15, 2012 Supplement	Number 15 Vol. 15 (1), 2012
Number 14 14 - Vol. 14 (2), 2011	Number 14 The 9th Balkan Congress of Medical Genetics
Number 14 14 - Vol. 14 (1), 2011	Number 13 Vol. 13 (2), 2010
Number 13 Vol.13 (1), 2010	Number 12 Vol.12 (2), 2009
Number 12 Vol.12 (1), 2009	Number 11 Vol.11 (2),2008
Number 11 Vol.11 (1),2008	Number 10 Vol.10 (2), 2007
Number 10 10 (1),2007	Number 9 1&2, 2006
Number 9 3&4, 2006	Number 8 1&2, 2005
Number 8 3&4, 2004	Number 7 1&2, 2004
Number 6 3&4, 2003	Number 6 1&2, 2003
Number 5 3&4, 2002	Number 5 1&2, 2002
Number 4 Vol.3 (4), 2000	Number 4 Vol.2 (4), 1999
Number 4 Vol.1 (4), 1998	Number 4 3&4, 2001
Number 4 1&2, 2001	Number 3 Vol.3 (3), 2000
Number 3 Vol.2 (3), 1999	Number 3 Vol.1 (3), 1998
Number 2 Vol.3(2), 2000	Number 2 Vol.1 (2), 1998
Number 2 Vol.2 (2), 1999	Number 1 Vol.3 (1), 2000
Number 1 Vol.2 (1), 1999	Number 1 Vol.1 (1), 1998

About the journal ::: Editorial ::: Subscription ::: Information for authors ::: Contact