COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GENES
ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY IN HUMANS
USING BIOINFORMATIC DATA AND TOOLS
Musliji ZS1, Pollozhani AK1, Lisichkov K2, Deligios M3, Popovski ZT2,4,*
*Corresponding Author: Professor Zoran T. Popovski, Ph.D., Department of Biochemistry and
Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Bld “Aleksandar Makedonski,” bb
PB 297, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia. Tel: +389-70-252-731. Fax: +389-2-3134-310.
E-mail: zoran_ popovski@yahoo.com
page: 35
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DISCUSSION
Bioinformatics is a relatively new discipline that has
enormous potential for development. The use of bioinformatic
tools allows testing and eventual validation of scientific
hypotheses, which is of immense importance before
starting with experimental work. Bioinformatics combined
with other disciplines contribute to the diagnosis and prevention
of various diseases with a proven genetic basis.
From the analysis of these genes, we can see that
greater similarities exist between human and some species
of monkeys such as gorilla, chimpanzee and bonobo, also
historically called the pygmy chimpanzee. We can note that
the gorilla is more closely related in respect to the FTO
and ADRB3 genes, whereas for the other two genes, the
chimpanzee species are the closest to humans.
Based on the Table 1 with data on genetic ontology
of the genes (and corresponding proteins) investigated in
this study, homology is evident. These genes have various
functions, and what they have in common is their
contribution to the increase in energy intake, i.e., their
contribution to overweight and obesity. They all play a role
in obesity-related disorders, such as metabolic disorders,
weight-related disorders, and others.
Furthermore, from the Table 2 ontological data, we
see that the same four genes are found in the three types of
organisms. The location of these genes differs in all except
for the ADRB3 gene in Homo sapiens and Mus musculus
(chromosome 8).
Based on the analysis of the evolution of these genes,
we can conclude that the closest homologs to humans are
chimpanzees and gorillas. Less homology is observed between
humans and other species included in the investigation
such as the camel, cat, leopard, dog, the marmoset, etc.
Using bioinformatic tools to identify and characterize
obesity-associated genes, we obtain valuable information
about the underlying factors and causes of obesity
and can contribute toward identifying solutions to this
problem. The development of obesity is multifactorial
and complex, and genetic predisposition itself depends on
other factors such as gene expression. The possession of
different variants of these genes is not always manifested
with overweight or obesity. Few studies have found that
the interaction between transcription factors and epigenetic
modifications play a critical role in the expression of the
obesity genes [15]. The pathogenesis in the metabolism
and the regulation of the expression of these genes is still
unclear. Systematic research and more data will be needed
to understand the interactions and the effect of all these
factors and eventually to identify treatments.
Declaration of Interest. The authors report no conflicts
of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the
content and writing of this article.
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