ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN VASPIN RS2236242 GENE POLYMORPHISM, WALKING TIME AND THE RISK OF METABOLIC SYNDROME
Suliga E1, Kozieł D2, Cieśla E3, Rębak D2, Wawszczak M2,*, Adamus-Białek W2, Naszydłowska E4, Piechowska A2, Głuszek S2
*Corresponding Author: Monika Wawszczak, MSc, Department of Surgery and Surgical Nursery with Genetics and Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, al. IX Wieków Kielc 19a, 25-516, Kielce, Poland. Tel: +48-413696978. E-mail: mwawszczak@ujk.edu.pl
page: 41

RESULTS

The study involved 108 individuals with MetS and 110 participants representing the control group. The group with MetS was similar to the control group regarding sex and age. Participants with MetS were more often overweight (BMI >25.0 m/kg2), with abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, glucose and triglyceride (TG) concentration and decreased concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, compared to the control group (all p <0.001). No significant differences were found between the percentages of current and former smokers in both groups (p = 0.456). However, the individuals with MetS were characterized by a significantly shorter time of a total physical activity (PA) during the day (232.2 ± 144.4 min./ day vs. 270.6 ± 145.6 min./day; p = 0.039), including mainly, a shorter walking time (79.6 ± 71.1 min./ day vs. 109.2 ± 85.5 min./day; p = 0.007), compared to the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in distribution of alleles and genotypes of the vaspin rs2236242 polymorphism between individuals with MetS and controls (Table 1). The meta-analysis of genotype distribution in Egyptian, Iranian and Polish populations showed that the TT genotype was identified more frequently in MetS patients than in controls (p = 0.001). The A allele occurrence was higher in the control group (p = 0.001) (Table 2). However, a two-fold more frequent prevalence of the AA genotype in individuals from the control group compared to the group with MetS was found (15.45 vs. 8.33%). There was also a tendency to a slightly more frequent prevalence of the TA genotype in individuals with MetS, compared to the control group (51.86 vs. 45.45%). The genotype distribution showed no deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the whole study sample (χ2 = 0.536; p = 0.464), in subjects with MetS (χ2 = 2.467; p = 0.116), and in the control group (χ2 = 0.200; p = 0.655). The A allele frequency of the vaspin rs2236242 polymorphism was 0.360 in total, 0.343 in MetS and 0.378 in the control group. The TA, AA and TA+AA genotypes showed no association with MetS when compared to the TT genotype (p = 0.638; p = 0.187; p = 0.979, respectively). The results of the conducted study also revealed that the vaspin rs2236242 polymorphism was not significantly associated with any of the MetS components. Despite a lack of statistically significant associations, having the AA genotype (compared to TT) was related to quite a clear tendency to a lower risk of MetS and its components (OR varied from 0.54 to 0.80) (Table 3, model I). In the model adjusted for age, gender, smoking and total PA, no statistically significant correlations have been found between the vaspin rs2236242 gene polymorphism and the risk of MetS and its components (data not shown). The differences of PA between MetS-subjects and the control group resulted mainly from the differences of walking time. The group of variables of small linkage distances included all MetS components, some demographic variables and lifestyle elements, along with walking time (Figure 2). Total PA and moderate-to-vigorous PA were characterized by greater Euclidean distances than the others. Taking this fact into consideration, in subsequent models walking time instead of total PA was used as a modifying variable. In the model adjusted for age, gender, smoking and walking (model II), there were also no significant associations between the vaspin rs2236242 polymorphism and MetS components. However, it was noted that having the TA genotype was related to a greater risk of MetS, compared to the TT genotype. The analysis of interaction ‘genotype × walking time’ showed that a longer walking time (>60 min./day) statistically significantly decreased the risk of MetS in the TA genotype carriers (OR = 0.24; p = 0.022) and TA+AA (OR = 0.25; p = 0.016), as well as the risk of elevated blood pressure in the TA genotype carriers (OR = 0.17; p = 0.039 and TA+AA (OR = 0.11; p = 0.007), compared to the TT carriers. It was also found that a longer walking time decreased the risk of higher TG concentration in the AA genotype carriers (OR = 0.04; p = 0.017), compared to TT and the AA genotype carriers, compared to TT+TA (OR = 0.60; p = 0.025). Including BMI in the model did not significantly change the obtained scores (model III). Similar to the previous model, it was observed that longer walking time (>60 min./day) significantly decreased the risk of MetS in TA and TA+AA genotype carriers (OR = 0.16; p = 0.007 and OR = 0.17; p = 0.007, respectively) as well as elevated blood pressure (OR = 0.09; p = 0.012 and OR = 0.05; p = 0.002 for TA and TA+AA genotypes, respectively) as well as the risk of increased TG concentration in AA genotype carriers, compared to TT (OR = 0.06; p = 0.038) and AA genotype, compared to TT+TA (OR = 0.07; p = 0.043).



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