THE MULTICOLOR FLUORESCENCE IN SITU
HYBRIDIZATION (mFISH) HOMEPAGE Liehr T* *Corresponding Author: Dr. Thomas Liehr, Institut für Humangenetik und Anthropologie,
Kollegiengasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany; Tel.: +49-3641-935533; Fax: +49-3641-935582;E-mail: i8lith@mti.uni-jena.de page: 27
|
INTRODUCTION
The discipline of cytogenetics went through many stages of development, each providing more possibility for characterization of normal and structurally abnormal chromosomes [1]. Characterization of such chromosomes in humans is of high clinical importance and is the requisite condition for further molecular investigation aimed at identi- fication of disease-related genes [2,3] or positional cloning strategies [4]. Also, cytogenetic studies are significant for understanding the evolution of different animal species including Hominoids [5]. In the last 25-30 years, studies were accomplished by molecular cytogenetics, i.e., fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In 1969, Gall and Pardue [6], introduced in situ hybridization, which, for the first time, allowed nucleic acid sequences to be examined inside cells or on chromosomes. However, because radioactivity has well-known shortcomings [7], the radioactive probe for labeling was replaced by alternative labeling modalities or detection systems, e.g., biotin detected by binding to avidin coupled to a fluorochrome [8]. Pinkel and coworkers [9] described the FISH technique that could be applied to human chromosomes and very soon thereafter the first twocolor FISH study was published [10]. We have defined multicolor FISH (mFISH) as the simultaneous use of at least three different ligands or fluo rochromes for the specific labeling of DNA (excluding the counter stain) [11]. According to this definition, the first successful mFISH experiments were those of Nederlof and coworkers [12] who visualized three differently-labeled nucleic acid sequences, simultaneously in blue [amino methyl coumarin acetic acid (AMCA)], in red [tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC)] and in green [fluo rescein isothiocyanate (FITC)].Multicolor FISH assays have become indispensable for precise descriptions of chromosomal rearrangements, and studies including radiobiology, mutagenesis, inter-phase-architecture and chromosomal evolution. As the literature on this topic is huge, we created a regularly updated internet site in which all studies that apply mFISH are collected.
|
|
|
|
|
Number 26 Number 26 VOL. 26(2), 2023 All in one |
Number 26 VOL. 26(2), 2023 |
Number 26 VOL. 26, 2023 Supplement |
Number 26 VOL. 26(1), 2023 |
Number 25 VOL. 25(2), 2022 |
Number 25 VOL. 25 (1), 2022 |
Number 24 VOL. 24(2), 2021 |
Number 24 VOL. 24(1), 2021 |
Number 23 VOL. 23(2), 2020 |
Number 22 VOL. 22(2), 2019 |
Number 22 VOL. 22(1), 2019 |
Number 22 VOL. 22, 2019 Supplement |
Number 21 VOL. 21(2), 2018 |
Number 21 VOL. 21 (1), 2018 |
Number 21 VOL. 21, 2018 Supplement |
Number 20 VOL. 20 (2), 2017 |
Number 20 VOL. 20 (1), 2017 |
Number 19 VOL. 19 (2), 2016 |
Number 19 VOL. 19 (1), 2016 |
Number 18 VOL. 18 (2), 2015 |
Number 18 VOL. 18 (1), 2015 |
Number 17 VOL. 17 (2), 2014 |
Number 17 VOL. 17 (1), 2014 |
Number 16 VOL. 16 (2), 2013 |
Number 16 VOL. 16 (1), 2013 |
Number 15 VOL. 15 (2), 2012 |
Number 15 VOL. 15, 2012 Supplement |
Number 15 Vol. 15 (1), 2012 |
Number 14 14 - Vol. 14 (2), 2011 |
Number 14 The 9th Balkan Congress of Medical Genetics |
Number 14 14 - Vol. 14 (1), 2011 |
Number 13 Vol. 13 (2), 2010 |
Number 13 Vol.13 (1), 2010 |
Number 12 Vol.12 (2), 2009 |
Number 12 Vol.12 (1), 2009 |
Number 11 Vol.11 (2),2008 |
Number 11 Vol.11 (1),2008 |
Number 10 Vol.10 (2), 2007 |
Number 10 10 (1),2007 |
Number 9 1&2, 2006 |
Number 9 3&4, 2006 |
Number 8 1&2, 2005 |
Number 8 3&4, 2004 |
Number 7 1&2, 2004 |
Number 6 3&4, 2003 |
Number 6 1&2, 2003 |
Number 5 3&4, 2002 |
Number 5 1&2, 2002 |
Number 4 Vol.3 (4), 2000 |
Number 4 Vol.2 (4), 1999 |
Number 4 Vol.1 (4), 1998 |
Number 4 3&4, 2001 |
Number 4 1&2, 2001 |
Number 3 Vol.3 (3), 2000 |
Number 3 Vol.2 (3), 1999 |
Number 3 Vol.1 (3), 1998 |
Number 2 Vol.3(2), 2000 |
Number 2 Vol.1 (2), 1998 |
Number 2 Vol.2 (2), 1999 |
Number 1 Vol.3 (1), 2000 |
Number 1 Vol.2 (1), 1999 |
Number 1 Vol.1 (1), 1998 |
|
|