RISK FACTORS OF VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM IN SUDANESE PREGNANT WOMEN
Abdalhabib EK, Alfeel A, Ali EI, Ibrahim IK, Mobarki AA, Dobie G, Hamali HA, Saboor M,
*Corresponding Author: Dr. Muhammad Saboor, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Tel.: +966-54-495-9029. E-mail: msaboor@ jazanu.edu.sa
page: 49

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Study Design. This prospective case-control study was conducted between January 2018 and August 2019 at the Khartoum Teaching Hospital in Khartoum State, Sudan, recruiting 396 pregnant women. Ethics approval was obtained from the University of Science and Technology, Sudan, and the study was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all women before the collection of blood samples. Blood samples were collected before the initiation of the anticoagulant therapy. The 396 participants were equally divided into pregnant women diagnosed with VTE (n = 198) and normal pregnant women (n = 198) without any history or diagnosis of VTE as age-matched controls. The diagnosis of VTE was based on the presence of clinical signs suggestive of VTE and confirmed by venous compression ultra-sonography and/or multidetector-row (spiral) computed tomography. Data were collected using a predesigned and pretested questionnaire. Participants were asked about demographic data and VTE risk factors, such as familial history of thrombosis, fractures, recent surgery, kidney disease, malignant tumors, immobilization, history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking habits, and use of oral contraception or hormone replacement therapy. The BMI was calculated to evaluate obesity [body weight (kg) divided by the square of height (m)]. Plasma Extraction and Analysis. Blood samples were collected in EDTA-containing vacutainers for DNA analysis and in sodium citrate-anticoagulated tubes for PC, PS and AT measurements. Citrated plasma was obtained by centrifugation of blood samples at 3000 rpm for 30 min. Plasma was extracted and stored at –80 °C until analysis. Protein C and PS levels were measured by a clot-based assay using the reagents of TECHNOCLOT® (Technoclone Herstellung von Diagnostika und Arzneimitteln GmbH, Vienna, Austria). These levels were determined from a calibration curve in which prolongation of clotting time is proportional to the protein concentration. The AT level was determined using an automated coagulation analyzer (Sysmex CA-1500) using the TECHNOCHROM® AT III Kit (Technoclone Herstellung von Diagnostika und Arzneimitteln GmbH). Reference values of PC, PS and AT in the range of 55.0-125.0, 50.0-130.0 and 62.0-120.0 ng/mL, respectively, were considered as normal based upon the preestablished normal levels. A decreased level of any of these natural anticoagulants from the reference values were considered to be deficient. DNA Extraction and Analysis. DNA was extracted from the blood samples collected in the EDTA vacutainers and purified using the QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit according the manufacturer’s standard protocol (Qiagen Sciences Inc., Germantown, MD, USA). The FVL G1691A polymorphism and prothrombin G20210A mutation were detected by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (ASPCR) using the Bio-Rad DNA Engine Dyad Peltier Thermal Cycler (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Foster City, CA, USA) as described previously [10]. Statistical Analysis. Qualitative data, which are expressed as proportions, were analyzed using the χ2 test. Quantitative data are expressed as mean ± SD. The z-test was used for testing the significance of quantitative data. The association between two quantitative parameters was evaluated by correlation analysis, and adjusted odds ratios (ODs) were calculated for determining the strength of association between qualitative parameters. Statistical significance was set at p <0.05.



Number 26
Number 26 VOL. 26(2), 2023 All in one
Number 26
VOL. 26(2), 2023
Number 26
VOL. 26, 2023 Supplement
Number 26
VOL. 26(1), 2023
Number 25
VOL. 25(2), 2022
Number 25
VOL. 25 (1), 2022
Number 24
VOL. 24(2), 2021
Number 24
VOL. 24(1), 2021
Number 23
VOL. 23(2), 2020
Number 22
VOL. 22(2), 2019
Number 22
VOL. 22(1), 2019
Number 22
VOL. 22, 2019 Supplement
Number 21
VOL. 21(2), 2018
Number 21
VOL. 21 (1), 2018
Number 21
VOL. 21, 2018 Supplement
Number 20
VOL. 20 (2), 2017
Number 20
VOL. 20 (1), 2017
Number 19
VOL. 19 (2), 2016
Number 19
VOL. 19 (1), 2016
Number 18
VOL. 18 (2), 2015
Number 18
VOL. 18 (1), 2015
Number 17
VOL. 17 (2), 2014
Number 17
VOL. 17 (1), 2014
Number 16
VOL. 16 (2), 2013
Number 16
VOL. 16 (1), 2013
Number 15
VOL. 15 (2), 2012
Number 15
VOL. 15, 2012 Supplement
Number 15
Vol. 15 (1), 2012
Number 14
14 - Vol. 14 (2), 2011
Number 14
The 9th Balkan Congress of Medical Genetics
Number 14
14 - Vol. 14 (1), 2011
Number 13
Vol. 13 (2), 2010
Number 13
Vol.13 (1), 2010
Number 12
Vol.12 (2), 2009
Number 12
Vol.12 (1), 2009
Number 11
Vol.11 (2),2008
Number 11
Vol.11 (1),2008
Number 10
Vol.10 (2), 2007
Number 10
10 (1),2007
Number 9
1&2, 2006
Number 9
3&4, 2006
Number 8
1&2, 2005
Number 8
3&4, 2004
Number 7
1&2, 2004
Number 6
3&4, 2003
Number 6
1&2, 2003
Number 5
3&4, 2002
Number 5
1&2, 2002
Number 4
Vol.3 (4), 2000
Number 4
Vol.2 (4), 1999
Number 4
Vol.1 (4), 1998
Number 4
3&4, 2001
Number 4
1&2, 2001
Number 3
Vol.3 (3), 2000
Number 3
Vol.2 (3), 1999
Number 3
Vol.1 (3), 1998
Number 2
Vol.3(2), 2000
Number 2
Vol.1 (2), 1998
Number 2
Vol.2 (2), 1999
Number 1
Vol.3 (1), 2000
Number 1
Vol.2 (1), 1999
Number 1
Vol.1 (1), 1998

 

 


 About the journal ::: Editorial ::: Subscription ::: Information for authors ::: Contact
 Copyright © Balkan Journal of Medical Genetics 2006