TWIST1 GENE EXPRESSION AS A BIOMARKER FOR
PREDICTING PRIMARY DOXORUBICIN RESISTANCE
IN BREAST
Staninova-Stojovska M1, Matevska-Geskovska N1, Panovski M2, Angelovska B3,
Mitrevski N3, Ristevski M3, Jovanovic R4, Dimovski AJ1,5,
*Corresponding Author: Professor Aleksandar J. Dimovski, M.D., Ph.D., Center for Biomolecular
Pharmaceutical Analyses, UKIM Faculty of Pharmacy, Majka Tereza 47, and Research Center for Genetic
Engineering and Biotechnology, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Krste Misirkov 2,
1000 Skopje, RN Macedonia. Tel/Fax: +389-2-3235411. E-mail: adimovski@ff.ukim.edu.mk
page: 5
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INTRODUCTION
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women
and is also responsible for a great number of cancer-associated
deaths among women worldwide [1,2]. Several
chemo-therapeutic agents, either alone or in addition to
other therapies, are used in the treatment of breast cancer
patients. Anthracyclines and taxanes are the most commonly
used chemo-therapeutics for breast cancer treatment
[3]. Benefit and risk assessment for therapeutic agents
for each patient is important because chemotherapy is a
conventional method targeting all fast-dividing cells of the
organism [4]. Toxicity and primary or secondary resistance
are common problems of conventional chemotherapy.
Thus, studies focusing on finding biomarkers to predict
the response of the patients and tumors to the drugs used
are an important part of precision medicine [5].
The twist transcription factor, encoded by the TWIST1
gene (TWIST1; OMIM* 601622) is a member of the basic
helix loop helix transcription factor family and has an
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