DETERMINING SPECIFIC THYROID TRANSCRIPTS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD: A SINGLE CENTER STUDY EXPERIENCE
Makazlieva T, Eftimov A, Vaskova O, Tripunoski T, Miladinova D, Risteski S, Jovanovic H, Jakovski Z Tanja Makazlieva and Aleksandar Eftimov contributed equally to this study and are considered first coauthors.
*Corresponding Author: Tanja Makazlieva, Ph.D., Institute of Pathophysiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, Mother Teresa Street, No. 17, 1000, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. Mobile: +389-75-313-665. E-mail: tmakazlieva@medf.ukim.edu.mk or tmakazlieva@gmail.com
page: 13

INTRODUCTION

Thyroid carcinoma (TC) comprises a spectrum of different tumors with a wide range of biological behavior and prognosis [1-3]. Differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC) including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTC) originate from follicular epithelial cells. The progression of DTC is usually slow, but local involvement of lymph nodes is very often possible, as well as loco-regional relapses as late as 30 years after the initial diagnosis. In some cases, distant metastatic disease is present even at initial presentation of the disease [4-6]. The recommendations for long-term follow-up of DTC usually include ultrasound of the neck, serum thyroglobulin (sTg) levels and radioiodine whole body scan (131I WBS). The sTg level is a very useful marker in detecting progression of the disease, but this analysis has no diagnostic value in patients with coexisting autoimmune thyroid disease and positive anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (aTg). Endogenous aTg may cause false-negative results in immunometric assays for sTg determination, and sTg levels in those patients may not reveal the exact state of the disease [7]. According to the new guidelines, in some patients with microcarcinomas and low-risk tumors, the radioiodine ablation (RAI) is not recommended, leading to a situation where it is inconvenient to apply sTg as a tumor marker, imposing the need for new biomarkers of the disease [8]. Experiences with diagnostic detection of circulating tumor cells in patients with some solid tumors as breast, colon and prostate carcinomas, are a motivation for researchers to apply similar methodology in TC [9]. For this purpose, the techniques based on the latest trends in molecular biology can have the most appropriate application in diagnosis of metastatic TC. The use of the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method for detection of circulating malignant thyroid cells was first introduced by Ditkoff et al. [10] evaluating Tg-mRNA transcripts in peripheral blood in both healthy individuals and patients with TC, which yielded promising results, leading to an increased number of published papers on this topic in the years to come. The reports about possible the usefulness of this approach in different studies vary greatly [11]. The main objective of this study was to apply and analyze gene expression of thyreotropin receptor [thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHRmRNA)] gene and thyroglobulin (Tg) gene in peripheral blood of healthy individuals and patients with DTC, using RT-PCR and relative quantification with the 2–ΔΔCt method.



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