CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS OF TURNER’S SYNDROME: A REVIEW
Yuan S-M, Jing H
*Corresponding Author: Hua Jing, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China; Tel.: +86-25-8480-1332; Fax: +86-25-8482-4051; E-mail: shiminyuan@126.com
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REFERENCES

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A comparison of echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging in cardiovascular screening of adults with Turner syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004; 89(12): 5966-5971. 18. Sybert VP. Adult height in Turner syndrome with and without androgen therapy. J Pediatr .1984; 104(3): 365-369. 19. Sachdev V, Matura LA, Sidenko S, Ho VB, Arai AE, Rosing DR, Bondy CA. Aortic valve disease in Turner syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008; 51(19): 1904-1909. 20. Castro AV, Okoshi K, Ribeiro SM, Barbosa MF, Mattos PF, Pagliare L, Bueno NF, Rodrigueiro DA, Haddad AL. Cardiovascular assessment of patients with Ullrich-Turner’s syndrome on Doppler echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2002; 78(1): 51-58. 21. Bondy CA, Turner Syndrome Study Group. Care of girls and women with Turner syndrome: a guideline of the Turner Syndrome Study Group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007; 92(1): 10-25. 22. 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Absence of right superior vena cava and aortic annular hypoplasia in a patient with Turner’s syndrome. J Card Surg. 2005; 20(4): 375-376. 28. Emmanuel C, Cherian KM, Gopinath PM, Kulkarni S, Chandra N, Ramesh A. An uncommon congenital cardiovascular malformation with Turner syndrome: a case report. Int J Hum Genet. 2004; 4(1): 71-73. 29. Loscalzo ML, Van PL, Ho VB, Bakalov VK, Rosing DR, Malone CA, Dietz HC, Bondy CA. Association between fetal lymphedema and congenital cardiovascular defects in Turner syndrome. Pediatrics. 2005; 115(3): 732-735. 30. Prandstraller D, Mazzanti L, Giardini A, Lovato L, Tamburrino F, Scarano E, Cicognani A, Fattori R, Picchio FM. Correlations of phenotype and genotype in relation to morphologic remodelling of the aortic root in patients with Turner’s syndrome. Cardiol Young. 2009; 19(3): 264-271. 31. Hjerrild BE, Mortensen KH, Gravholt CH. Turner syndrome and clinical treatment. Br Med Bull. 2008; 86(1): 77-93. 32. Sybert VP. Cardiovascular malformations and complications in Turner syndrome. Pediatrics. 1998; 101(1): E11. 33. Bondy CA. Aortic dissection in Turner syndrome. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2008; 23(6): 519-526. 34. Garvey P, Elovitz M, Landsberger EJ. Aortic dissection and myocardial infarction in a pregnant patient with Turner syndrome. Obstet Gynecol. 1998; 91(5, Pt. 2): 864. 35. Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Increased maternal cardiovascular mortality associated with pregnancy in women with Turner syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2006; 86(5, Suppl. 1): S127-S128. 36. Cheah KS. Collagen genes and inherited connective tissue disease. Biochem J. 1985; 229(2): 287-303. 37. Nathwani NC, Unwin R, Brook CG, Hindmarsh PC. Blood pressure and Turner syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2000; 52(3): 363- 370. 38. Gravholt CH, Hansen KW, Erlandsen M, Ebbehøj E, Christiansen JS. Nocturnal hypertension and impaired sympathovagal tone in Turner syndrome. J Hypertens. 2006; 24(2): 353-360. 39. Landin-Wilhelmsen K, Bryman I, Wilhelmsen L. Cardiac malformations and hypertension, but not metabolic risk factors, are common in Turner syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001; 86(9): 4166-4170. 40. Bastianon V, Pasquino AM, Giglioni E, Bosco G, Tebaldi L, Cives C, Colloridi V. Mitral valve prolapse in Turner syndrome. Eur J Pediatr. 1989; 148(6): 533-534. 41. Bondy CA, Van PL, Bakalov VK, Sachdev V, Malone CA, Ho VB, Rosing DR. Prolongation of the cardiac QTc interval in Turner syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore). 2006; 85(2): 75-81. 42. Akasaka T, Mitsuishi T, Nakajima H, Suzuki R, Shimizu S. Aneurysm of the left subclavian artery associated with Turner’s syndrome. Successful surgical treatment. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 1989; 30(6): 945-947. 43. Lacombe M, Esteva B, Tillous-Borde I, Lesèche G. [Aneurism of the subclavian artery associated with Turner’s syndrome.] Arch Pediatr. 2004; 11(4): 344-346. French. 44. Kozlowska-Wojciechowska M, Jez W, Zdrojewski T, Chwojnicki K. Are young women with Turner syndrome at greater risk of coronary artery disease? Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2006; 13(3): 467-469. 45. Ross JL, Feuillan P, Long LM, Kowal K, Kushner H, Cutler GB Jr. Lipid abnormalities in Turner syndrome. J Pediatr. 1995; 126(2): 242-245. 46. Lanes R, Gunczler P, Palacios A, Villaroel O. Serum lipids, lipoprotein lp(a), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in patients with Turner’s syndrome before and during growth hormone and estrogen therapy. Fertil Steril. 1997; 68(3): 473-477. 47. Amundson E, Boman UW, Barrenäs ML, Bryman I, Landin-Wilhelmsen K. Impact of growth hormone therapy on quality of life in adults with Turner syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010; 95(3): 1355-1359. 48. Ross J, Zinn A, McCauley E. Neurodevelopmental and psychosocial aspects of Turner syndrome. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2000; 6(2): 135-141. 49. Beskow R, Lundgren R. Turner’s syndrome and aortic aneurysm. Chest. 1976; 69(3): 447-448. 50. van den Berg J, Bannink EM, Wielopolski PA, Pattynama PM, de Muinck Keizer-Schrama SM, Helbing WA. Aortic distensibility and dimensions and the effects of growth hormone treatment in the turner syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 2006; 97(11): 1644- 1649. 51. Matura LA, Ho VB, Rosing DR, Bondy CA. Aortic dilatation and dissection in Turner syndrome. Circulation. 2007; 116(15): 1663-1670. 52. Akimoto N, Shimizu T, Ishikawa M, Ishimaru S, Furukawa K. The surgical treatment of aortic dissection in a patient with Turner’s syndrome: report of a case. Surg Today. 1994; 24(10): 929-932. 53. Ota Y, Tsunemoto M, Shimada M, Ishizawa A, Koike K, Kobayashi J. [Aortic dissection associated with Turner’s syndrome.] Kyobu Geka. 1992; 45(5): 411-414. Japanese. 54. Angeli E, Pacini D, Napoli G, Di Bartolomeo R, Fattori R, Pierangeli A. Cardiac anomalies in Turner syndrome. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann. 2003; 11(4): 349-351. 55. Petrov I, Nedevska M, Chilingirova N, Simeonov P, Kratunkov P, Stoinova V, Nikolov D, Konteva M, Tzarianski G, Tschirkov AI. Endovascular repair of dissecting thoracic aortic aneurysm in a patient with Turner syndrome. J Endovasc Ther. 2006; 13(5): 693-696. 56. Schoenstadt A. Prognosis for Turner syndrome. (http://genetics.emedtv.com/turnersyndrome/ prognosis-for-turner-syndrome. html.) Accessed May 23 2010. 57. Danielson K. Turner Syndrome (Monosomy X) and Pregnancy Loss. (http://miscarriage.about. com/od/congenitaldisorders/p/turnersyndrome. htm.) Accessed May 23 2010.



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