1. Hassold T, Hunt P. To err (meiotically) is human: the genesis of human aneuploidy. Nat Rev Genet 2001; 2(4): 280-291.
2. Schmiady H, Sperling K, Kentenich H, Stauber M. Prematurely condensed human sperm chromosomes after in vitro fertilization (IVF). Hum Genet 1986; 74(4): 441-443.
3. Plachot M, Crozet N. Fertilization abnormalities in human in-vitro fertilization. Hum Reprod 1992; 7(Suppl 1): 89-94.
4. van der Ven HH, Al-Hasani S, Diedrich K, Hamerich U, Lehmann F, Krebs D. Polyspermy in in vitro fertilization of human oocytes: frequency and possible causes. Ann NY Acad Sci 1985; 442: 88-95.
5. Rosenbusch BE.Mechanisms giving rise to triploid zygotes during assisted reproduction. Fertil Steril 2008; 90(1): 49-55.
6. Noyes N, Fino ME, Krey L, McCaffrey C, Adler A, Grifo J. Embryo biopsy: the fate of abnormal pronuclear embryos. Reprod Biomed Online 2008; 17(6): 782-788.
7. Schmiady H, Kentenich H. Cytological studies of human zygotes exhibiting developmental arrest. Hum Reprod 1993; 8(5): 744-751.
8. Lechniak D, Pers-Kamczyc E, Pawlak P. Timing of the first zygotic cleavage as a marker of developmental potential of mammalian embryos. Reprod Biol 2008; 8(1): 23-42.
9. Rosenbusch B, Glaeser B, Brucker C, Schneider M. Endoreduplication of the hyperhaploid maternal complement and abnormal pronuclear formation in a human zygote obtained after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Ann Genet 2002; 45(3): 157-159.
10. Rosenbusch B, Schneider M, Gläser B, Brucker C. Cytogenetic analysis of giant oocytes and zygotes to assess their relevance for the development of digynic triploidy. Hum Reprod 2002; 17(9): 2388-2393.
11. Benkhalifa M, Kahraman S, Caserta D, Domez E, Qumsiyeh MB. Morphological and cytogenetic analysis of intact oocytes and blocked zygotes. Prenat Diagn 2003; 23(5): 397-404.
12. Pujol A, Boiso I, Benet J, Veiga A, Durban M, Campillo M, Egozcue J, Navarro J. Analysis of nine chromosome probes in first polar bodies and metaphase II oocytes for the detection of aneuploidies. Eur J Hum Genet 2003; 11(4): 325-336.
13. Otsu E, Sato A, Nagaki M, Araki Y, Utsunomiya T. Developmental potential and chromosomal constitution of embryos derived from larger single pronuclei of human zygotes used in in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 2004; 81(3): 723-724.
14. Reichman DE, Jackson KV, Racowsky C. Incidence and development of zygotes exhibiting abnormal pronuclear disposition after identification of two pronuclei at the fertilization check. Fertil Steril 2009; May 22 [Epub ahead of print].
15. Tarkowski AK. An air-drying method for chromosome preparations from mouse eggs. Cytogenetics 1966; 5: 394-400.
16. Kamiguchi Y, Funaki K, Mikamo E. A new technique for chromosome study of murine oocytes. Proc Jpn Acad 1976; 52: 316-319.
17. Delimitreva S, Markova M, Zhivkova R. Optimal metaphase plate preparation in mouse oocytes requires specific conditions for spindle disintegration. Comptes Rendus de l’Academie Bulgare des Sciences 1999; 52(7-8): 105-108.
18. Martini E, Flaherty SP, Swann NJ, Payne D, Matthews CD. Analysis of unfertilized oocytes subjected to intracytoplasmic sperm injection using two rounds of fluorescence in-situ hybridization and probes to five chromosomes. Hum Reprod 1997; 12(9): 2011-2018.
19. Pellestor F. The cytogenetic analysis of human zygotes and preimplantation embryos. Hum Reprod Update 1995; 1(6): 581-585.
20. Pellestor F, Girardet A, Andréo B, Arnal F, Humeau C. Relationship between morphology and chromosomal constitution in human preimplantation embryo. Mol Reprod Dev 1995; 39(2): 141-146.
21. Wells D, Sherlock JK, Handyside AH, Delhanty JD. Detailed chromosomal and molecular genetic analysis of single cells by whole genome amplification and comparative genomic hybridization. Nucleic Acids Res 1999; 27(4): 1214-1218.
22. Paulasova P, Andréo B, Diblik J, Macek M, Pellestor F. The peptide nucleic acids as probes for chromosomal analysis: application to human oocytes, polar bodies and preimplantation embryos. Mol Hum Reprod 2004; 10(6): 467-472.
23. Gutiérrez-Mateo C, Benet J, Wells D, Colls P, Bermúdez MG, Sánchez-García JF, Egozcue J, Navarro J, Munné S. Aneuploidy study of human oocytes first polar body comparative genomic hybridization and metaphase II fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. Hum Reprod 2004; 19(12): 2859-2868.
24. Fragouli E, Wells D, Thornhill A, Serhal P, Faed MJ, Harper JC, Delhanty JD. Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of human oocytes and polar bodies. Hum Reprod 2006; 21(9): 2319-2328.
25. Daphnis DD, Fragouli E, Economou K, Jerkovic S, Craft IL, Delhanty JD, Harper JC. Analysis of the evolution of chromosome abnormalities in human embryos from Day 3 to 5 using CGH and FISH. Mol Hum Reprod 2008; 14(2): 117-125.
26. Kuliev A, Verlinsky Y. Meiotic and mitotic nondisjunction: lessons from preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Hum Reprod Update 2004; 10(5): 401-407.
27. Harper JC, Pergament E, Delhanty JD. Genetics of gametes and embryos. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2004; 115(Suppl 1): S80-S84.
28. Sermon K, Van Steirteghem A, Liebaers I. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Lancet 2004; 363(9421): 1633-1641.
29. Baart EB, Martini E, Van Opstal D. Screening for aneuploidies of ten different chromosomes in two rounds of FISH: a short and reliable protocol. Prenat Diagn 2004; 24(12): 955-91.
30. Colls P, Goodall N, Zheng X, Munné S.Increased efficiency of preimplantation genetic diagnosis for aneuploidy by testing 12 chromosomes. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 19(4): 532-538.
31. Zhivkova RS, Delimitreva SM, Toncheva DI, Vatev IT. Analysis of human unfertilized oocytes and pronuclear zygotes-correlation between chromosome/ chromatin status and patient-related factors. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2007; 130(1): 73-83.
32. Uher P, Baborova P, Kralickova M, Zech MH, Verlinsky Y, Zech NH. Non-informative results and monosomies in PGD: the importance of a third round of re-hybridization. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 19(4): 539-546.
33. Vatev I. Human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program at the Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria. J In Vitro Fert Embryo Transfer 1988; 5(1): 48-49.
34. Vatev I., Karagyozov I, Istatkov M, Srebreva M. Successsful application of the fallopian sperm perfusion method and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) technique for the treatment of human infertility. Balkan J Med Genet 1998; 3(1): 115-119.
35. Delimitreva SM, Zhivkova RS, Vatev IT, Toncheva DI. Chromosomal disorders and nuclear and cell destruction in cleaving human embryos. Int J Dev Biol 2005; 49(4): 409-416.
36. Martin RH, Mahadevan MM, Taylor PJ, Hildebrand K, Long-Simpson L, Peterson D, Yamamoto J, Fleetham J. Chromosomal analysis of unfertilized human oocytes. J Reprod Fertil 1986; 78(2): 673-678.
37. Pellestor F, Anahory T, Hamamah S. The chromosomal analysis of human oocytes. An overview of established procedures. Hum Reprod Update 2005; 11(1): 15-32.
38. Oliver-Bonet M, Benet J, Martin RH. Studying meiosis: a review of FISH and M-FISH techniques used in the analysis of meiotic processes in humans. Cytogenet Genome Res 2006; 114(3-4): 312-318.
39. Perez GI, Acton BM, Jurisicova A, Perkins GA, White A, Brown J, Trbovich AM, Kim MR, Fissore R, Xu J, Ahmady A, D'Estaing SG, Li H, Kagawa W, Kurumizaka H, Yokoyama S, Okada H, Mak TW, Ellisman MH, Casper RF, Tilly JL. Genetic variance modifies apoptosis susceptibility in mature oocytes via alterations in DNA repair capacity and mitochondrial ultrastructure. Cell Death Differ 2007; 14(3): 524-533.
40. Morita Y, Tilly JL. Oocyte apoptosis: like sand through an hourglass. Dev Biol 1999; 213(1): 1-17.
41. Delimitreva SM. The status of the chromatin of human preimplantation embryos with good morphology. Folia Biol (Praha) 2002; 48(4): 149-153.
42. Gjørret JO, Knijn HM, Dieleman SJ, Avery B, Larsson LI, Maddox-Hyttel P. Chronology of apoptosis in bovine embryos produced in vivo and in vitro. Biol Reprod 2003; 69(4): 1193-1200.
___________________________________________________
1 Laboratory of IVF and Preimplantation Embryology, Department of Biology, Medical Faculty, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
2 National Genome Center for Common Diseases, Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria