This first cytogenetic study performed in Jordan revealed a highly significant increase in the number of chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes of agricultural workers, smokers and non smokers, exposed to malathion and chlorpyrifos. Therefore, it is recommended that precautionary measures should be taken and that smoking should be avoided while spraying.

The exposed group needs further biological tests and follow-up to identify other potential factors leading to later malignancy development. A new environmental policy with a rational strategy is needed to reduce the contamination and genetic risks to these agricultural workers. These considerations may yield greater insights, greater awareness, and modified public policies, and increase activity to mitigate these adverse effects.